Mona Lisa Paper

Is It Her Twin or Sister? A workmanship gatherer in 1913 made a disclosure that has puzzled numerous history specialists for quite a while. Immense Blaker, an English craftsmanship gatherer found the Isleworth Mona Lisa in a matter of seconds before World War I. The Isleworth Mona Lisa is a painting of, what seems to be, a youthful Mona Lisa. This work of art has been recognized as a Leonardo da Vinci painting, however a few history specialists accept this can't be valid. With certain distinctions in the works of art they trust it might have been another little craftsman at the time attempting to duplicate da Vinci.The Isleworth painting is appeared to be with a global consortium while the first artistic creation is kept in Paris' Louver Museum. The well known lady is this image is Lisa del Giocondo. Lisa was from Florence and Tuscany, Italy. She wedded a fabric and silk dealer in her high school years. Lisa was conceived in Florence on June fifteenth, 1479, many imagine that she was conceived on a country property that is however to have been possessed by the family. Lisa had five kids with the shipper named Piero, Camilla, Andrea, Giocondo, and Marietta.Lisa's better half, Francesco di Bartilomeo di Zanobi del Giocondo, expanded her societal position since he was from a white collar class family, while Lisa was from a lower class with no settlement from her family. Francesco was a craftsmanship darling and dispatched da Vinci for a representation of his significant other. â€Å"He is thought to have appointed Lisa's representation to commend trouble Andrea del Sarto's introduction to the world and the acquisition of the family's home. † (http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Lisa_del_Giocondo#Mona_Lisa) In the work of art in the Louver, Lisa is â€Å"portrayed as a steadfast spouse through motion her correct hand rests over her left. † (http://en. ikipedia. organization/wiki/Lisa_del_Giocondo#Mona_Lisa) Da Vinci likewise spoke to Lisa in high style with dim attire that would have originated from Spain. This would have not spoken to Lisa in her family since she would not have had the option to manage the cost of these kind of garments with her family's pay. Numerous students of history have said that Lisa is wearing dull garments since she would be grieving the passing of her first little girl, which, from multiple points of view, isn't right. The artwork set aside da Vinci some effort to complete in light of the fact that he got cash for the work of art The Battle of Anghian, which was offering more cash than the representation of Lisa.Some antiquarians have thought about when da Vinci completed the composition since he brought it around with him all through his later life in France. The rough approximation is around 1516 is when da Vinci at long last completed the Mona Lisa. The Isleworth Mona Lisa is the thing that is by all accounts a more youthful Lisa, but since we don't have real evidence, that is just a presumptio n. Antiquarians can't give a definite date concerning which this work of art was begun or even completed in light of the fact that they found the artistic creation in was found with an honorable family.After Blaker bought the canvas it was moved to Isleworth, England, where the name originated from. While the principal World War was going on, the Isleworth painting was moved to America for saving. â€Å"The Portrait in the long run advanced back to Europe, where is was broke down in Italy before being sent to the Swiss bank vault for protection. † (http://abcnews. go. com/web journals/features/2012/09/second-mona-lisa-revealed for-first-time-in-quite a while/) Since that timespan the Mona Lisa Foundation has dealt with the work of art to demonstrate it's realness and if da Vinci truly painted this representation. pic] The contrasts between these two artistic creations are not huge ones, however they are large enough that some may accept this can't be a genuine da Vinci painti ng. The Isleworth is painted on canvas while the Louver Mona Lisa was painted on wood. The Isleworth likewise has a plain foundation and segments on either side of the figure, however the Louver painting is by all accounts a similar foundation with much more subtleties included and no sections. The spans of these two composition additionally is making students of history scratch their heads in light of the fact that the Louver painting is smaller. pic] However there are frightfully numerous similitudes between the two works of art that have caused antiquarians and researchers to accept that it needed to have been painted by a similar individual. â€Å"It strikes us that with the goal for that to be so precise, so fastidiously careful, just the individual who did one did the other†¦ † said workmanship student of history and Mona Lisa Foundation part Stanley Feldman. (http://abcnews. go. com/online journals/features/2012/09/second-mona-lisa-divulged for-first-time-in-quite a while/) The attire in the two works of art is by all accounts of a similar high Spanish fashion.The present shows that Lisa was a faithful spouse with her left hand over her right, this posture is that equivalent in the two artistic creations. It took craftsmanship students of history 35 years to finish up their tests on both Mona Lisa canvases. The Mona Lisa Foundation performed numerous trials looking at the two. First the establishment set the artistic creation one next to the other and found that Lisa in the Isleworth painting is littler than she is in the Louver painting. â€Å"The basic realistic delineations exhibit that the figure in the ‘Louvre Version' is roughly 10% bigger than the figure in the ‘Earlier Version'† (http://monalisa. rg/2012/09/10/leonardos-covered up procedure/) The highlights of Lisa in both of these works of art are actually the equivalent; with same places that are completely adjusted. â€Å"They are drastically various arrangemen ts, and the strategy of extent and related geometric estimations utilized, focuses to the two pictures having been painted by a similar craftsman; somebody personally acquainted with both, and who had the goal to make two unique artistic creations of the equivalent subject†(http://monalisa. organization/2012/09/10/leonardos-covered up strategy/)With these two artworks being so shockingly comparative, yet additionally having some undeniable contrasts, craftsmanship students of history have slobbered over these two artistic creations. Everybody knowing the popular Mona Lisa painting in the Louver, however holding off on knowing until this year that there was another painting of Lisa del Giocondo, and prior work of art. A few history specialists accept that this paint couldn't have been finished by the well known da Vinci in light of the fact that there were such huge numbers of duplicates of the first Mona Lisa, however without question that Mona Lisa Foundation has refuted them . More than 35 years of test have demonstrated them that the two compositions were really done by da Vinci.

Cyberchondria: A New Media Syndrome Essay

Have you at any point attempted to discover a treatment for a downright terrible influenza on Google? What about a constant pimple that won’t leave? Has your throat harmed actually severely that you chosen to look for moment alleviation through the web? At that point you’re one of the millions who self-analyze. Attempting to name what sort of clinical issue one has by utilizing books, clinical word references, past close to home or non individual encounters, the web, or even programming applications, is called self-conclusion. With the abundance of data from the data superhighway, anybody of all ages can promptly get to wellbeing related data through the new media. Creative helpful advanced gadgets make data access as advantageous as relaxing. Information is a finger tap away. Despite the fact that there are no current insights with regards to the quantity of Filipino web clients who self-analyze, this issue is surely a reality. Actually, because of the said issue, anot her condition has developed †Cyberchondria. What is Cyberchondria? As per Wikipedia, Cyberchondria is the consequence of web research on wellbeing related issues. It alludes to the ridiculous increment of a person’s tension in view of the online clinical data the individual has accumulated. The term is authored from the prefix â€Å"cyber† which relates to anything of PCs, data frameworks, augmented reality and the Internet (Encarta, 2009), and the mental condition called anxiety. Individuals with anxiety are distracted with their wellbeing and guarantee to feel genuine indications. They accept that they have a genuine sickness yet upon the doctor’s assessment, there is no target proof of the disease they guarantee to have. The British Medical Journal distribution â€Å"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry† in 2003 said that the word cyberchondria was first utilized in a British paper to allude to the utilization of the web wellbeing sites to add to tension about wellbeing. Since the term neurosis conveys wi th it a somewhat hostile undertone, research examines have explained that in light of the fact that the said word implies â€Å"excessive concern regarding health†, cyberchondria is basically â€Å"online worry about health†. Cyberchondria and Search Engines Microsoft, a main worldwide PC industry that offers programming, computer game items, and online help led an exhaustive exploration in 2008 on cyberchondria and web indexes like Google and Yahoo. Scientists Ryen White and Eric Horvitz inferred that on the off chance that somebody who doesn't have legitimate preparing and training in medication look through the web about a side effect the individual has, they will most likely have expanded uneasiness. Beside the acceleration of stress, another outcome is the exercise in futility and cash in light of pointless specialist visits. The investigation likewise uncovered that individuals who discover clinical data about their indication online disregard to concentrate every other alternative yet rather center around the initial not many aftereffects of the inquiry. Among the 500 respondents that they addressed, the vast majority of concede that in the wake of investigating on a minor indication on the web, they were directed to explore about a much more terrible clinical sickness. They additionally discovered that most clients that self-analyze online idea that the query items that show up are positioned by the likelihood of them having that infection. This is really not the genuine case since web crawlers rank list items as per electronic mathematic systems called calculations. Results are positioned by how frequently the looked through word is found on the page, the quantity of mouse clicks a page gets and the quantity of other site connects on the page. What causes Cyberchondria? Analysts and specialists the same have thought of reasons why online clients tend to create cyberchondria. 1. Dr. Stephanie Bown, executive of strategy and correspondence of the Medical Protection Society, the main supplier of complete proficient protection for specialists, dental specialists and wellbeing experts around the world, said that the average folks will most likely be unable to effectively comprehend and decipher troublesome clinical data and wording (GP Online, 2008). 2. Dr. Bown further said that web data on a specific minor indication is so shifted thus endless that they are clashing. This creates turmoil to the normal individual. 3. Microsoft analysts discovered that online clients don't have a precise comprehension of how web crawlers work. 4. Online clients don't realize that right determination of a specific condition requires such a large number of contemplations like age, family, and way of life. Dr. Google doesn't think about up these components. 5. For the individuals who as of now experience the ill effects of nervousness, it is as of now a reality that they think most noticeably awful about any situation. The unfiltered clinical data will allow on edge individuals to know the most dire outcome imaginable about a minor indication, which they will surely brood over about. Instructions to Avoid Cyberchondria 1. Dr. Stewart Segal, an American Family Physician who has managed patients having cyberchondria clarifies that online clients need to comprehend the distinction between clinical â€Å"possibility and probability†. Plausibility is consistently a specific probability, yet clinical likelihood is something else. Significant wellbeing factors should be viewed as very certainly before an ailment could be discovered likely for an individual. In this way, the sky is the limit on the Internet, however it isn't likely. 2. See how New Media advertising functions. Data is bundled as a ware online so as to draw in more perusers. Your online determination may sound genuine, yet read any data with wisdom. 3. Search for valid wellbeing sites. Go for the solid locales that have true blue specialists and wellbeing professionals as supporters. There are currently clinical online facilities where specialists can be reached through online correspondence whenever of the day, for example, WebMD. In our nation in any case, online centers are not yet accessible, with the exception of a couple of professionals who offer assistance from their own website pages. On the other hand, don't let the data you get from online manifestation checkers stress you. Consider plausibility and likelihood. 4. Don't self-treat dependent on data from the web, particularly the utilization of prescriptions. Your inaccurate treatment may prompt other clinical concerns, which will make things, including nervousness more regrettable. Purchasing drugs online isn’t entirely dependable, as well. Sites may offer medicine alongside your conclusion. Try not to get bulldozed, this is as yet showcasing procedure. Additionally there might be slips by with regards to how we comprehend phrasings since we are not restoratively prepared. Mistaken assumptions of measurements and other appropriate clinical data is perilous. 5. Try not to adhere to any single conclusion, which goes both for people in general and doctors the same. This prompts blunders. Specialists consistently concentrate more than one analysis and they normally start considering the least genuine. Their underlying discoveries are liable to tests and definitive confirmations before the last finding is reached. 6. On the off chance that you have the data you need, counsel your primary care physician with a receptive outlook. Trust your doctor that the individual in question can think of a way preferred finding over Dr. Google or Yahoo. 7. Try not to stress yourself to death. Worry from uneasiness can disturb little side effects that we feel. The most ideal approach to deal with our wellbeing is to live solid and maintain a strategic distance from stress. Recall that online clinical wellbeing data can work two different ways: for you or against you. How we handle what we discover online will decide this. Information might be exceptionally useful, yet it can likewise be devastating. You pick. Facebook Testimonials on â€Å"Have you attempted online self-diagnosis?† â€Å" I wouldn’t suggest counseling the web. propensity is you will get increasingly on edge. my little girl has G6PD inadequacy and when I found it the web everything I can say is poor child yet when her pedia disclosed it to us it is only a basic case and what we truly need to maintain a strategic distance from is taking care of her soy. well her reality won’t end on the off chance that she can’t taste taho ðÿ˜‰ and my kid, at that point had umbilical granuloma which is very nerve wracking for me figuring it will be seared or worked when all the pediatric specialist did was just bind it with a stitch and following multi week maybe nothing happened†¦[sic]† - Kim Gumban Tinedo, 31 â€Å"Yes I did! It helped me from numerous points of view when I was pregnant. Since it was hard for us to get an obstetrician who can communicate in English here in Dalian,China, I depended on the web about what’s occurring with me and my infant. There was one case when we went to Beijing for general registration and we were educated on the telephone every week later that I will have a trisomy 21 infant and was encouraged to go for amniocentesis. We were frightened when we found out about their discoveries yet after a few explores on the web we didn’t submit to their recommendation yet rather we depended on what we’ve investigated and sat tight for my due date. Maybe I coincidentally got a solid site which was completely right to what I’m searching for. I even get a week after week update on what to do and it served as my guide without talking with the OB any longer. What's more, presently everything’s fine with me and the child is ordinary! On a ccount of the web! [sic]† †PS Charity Esmaya Alibogha, 32 â€Å"Yes†¦ simply a week ago, the consequence of our yearly PE for workers came out. my outcome demonstrated a great deal of suggestions because of some wellbeing dangers. Also, one of them was my high egg whites result( 2+) †¦ I was frightened. I googled it and discovered that it can prompt genuine renal issues on the off chance that it advances. I was on edge the entire day†¦[sic]† †Ryan Mark Pelaez, 32 http://www.gponline.com/News/article/934329/MPS-urges-alert web self-conclusion/http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm http://health.how

Free Essays on Mary Jo Hatch

Taking Organizational Theory to a New Level: Through Esthetics and Emotional Expression Dr. Mary Jo Hatch is a Professor of Organization Theory. She instructs at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia. Dr. Bring forth began her instructive situation by obtaining a Bachelor of the Arts in English Literature from the University of Indiana. She likewise examined engineering during her undergrad years. Her enthusiasm for feel return far. It was later in her life that her advantage moved in the direction of a profession in business, so she chose to gain her MBA in Finance from a similar University. While tightening her Doctorate in Organizational Behavior, she handled the mainstream Institution of Stanford University (Commerce.Virginia.edu). Now she started consolidating her enthusiasm for craftsmanship with business when she kept in touch with her paper on â€Å"The impacts of Physical Space in transit People Spend Their Time At Work† (acorn.lld) Her examination advantages incorporate hierarchical culture, authoritative personality, picture and the corporate brand; and scholarly and other tasteful ways to deal with the executives and sorting out with specific interests in Jazz and theater as similitudes for arranging (Commerce.Virginia.edu). She has distributed articles on these and different points in Administrative Science Quarterly, Academy of Management Review, Human Relations, Organizational Science, Organizational Studies, Journal of Management Inquiry, Studies in Cultures, Organizations and Societies, Human Relations, and European Journal of Marketing. She was the European proofreader for Journal of Management Inquiry from 1995-2000 and sits on the article sheets of Corporate Reputation Review; Human Relations; International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management. She has composed a course book Organization Theory: Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives (Commerce.Virginia.edu). Dr. Incubate additionally co-altered The Expressive Organization: Linking Ide... Free Essays on Mary Jo Hatch Free Essays on Mary Jo Hatch Taking Organizational Theory to a New Level: Through Esthetics and Emotional Expression Dr. Mary Jo Hatch is a Professor of Organization Theory. She instructs at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia. Dr. Bring forth began her instructive situation by getting a Bachelor of the Arts in English Literature from the University of Indiana. She additionally considered engineering during her undergrad years. Her enthusiasm for style return far. It was later in her life that her advantage moved in the direction of a profession in business, so she chose to gain her MBA in Finance from a similar University. While tightening her Doctorate in Organizational Behavior, she handled the famous Institution of Stanford University (Commerce.Virginia.edu). Now she started joining her enthusiasm for workmanship with business when she thought of her paper on â€Å"The impacts of Physical Space in transit People Spend Their Time At Work† (acorn.lld) Her examination advantages incorporate authoritative culture, hierarchical character, picture and the corporate br and; and artistic and other tasteful ways to deal with the board and sorting out with specific interests in Jazz and theater as representations for arranging (Commerce.Virginia.edu). She has distributed articles on these and different subjects in Administrative Science Quarterly, Academy of Management Review, Human Relations, Organizational Science, Organizational Studies, Journal of Management Inquiry, Studies in Cultures, Organizations and Societies, Human Relations, and European Journal of Marketing. She was the European supervisor for Journal of Management Inquiry from 1995-2000 and sits on the article sheets of Corporate Reputation Review; Human Relations; International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management. She has composed a reading material Organization Theory: Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives (Commerce.Virginia.edu). Dr. Incubate additionally co-altered The Expressive Organization: Linking Ide...

Focus Groups Essay -- essays research papers

Center Groups      Focus bunches are a subjective type of showcasing research that can enable an advertiser to survey customer needs and sentiments such that straightforward polls can not. In a center gathering, you unite a little gathering to talk about issues and worries about the highlights of an item. Members are normally paid a charge for their time. An advertiser can increase significant data, for example, increasing a customer’s mentalities and deciding promoting enticement. The gathering is ordinarily run by an arbitrator who keeps up the gathering's core interest. Some ongoing subjects of enthusiasm with respect to this subject are center gatherings for promoting, Online center gatherings, and political center gatherings.      Traditional center gatherings typically manage a customers response to an item, regardless of whether it be positive or negative. In today’s promotion stuffed media, advertisers need to stress over how purchasers respond to their publicizing. Numerous advertisers have set up center gatherings to do only that: measure how productive a promotion is, regardless of whether the gathering was intrigued, and if the promotion and brand name can be reviewed from the spot.  â â â â      Companies, for example, Motorola have utilized center gatherings to check the viability of ads. At the point when the organization decided to dispatch the â€Å"Wings† battle, they were uncertain of what tune would be proper for the T.V spot. A mind-boggling reaction from a center gathering prompted the utilization of the Rolling Stones melody â€Å"You Can’t Always Get What You Want†. Advertisers at Motorola raised worries of whether the tune was fitting, in light of the title. After a positive reaction from their center gathering, the organization ran the promotion. â€Å"overwhelmingly constructive center gathering reaction to the Rolling Stones as a transgenerational and transgeographic symbol affirmed individuals were increasingly intrigued by the feeling of the music than the lyrics.† (Adage.com, Snyder)      While customary center gatherings and their eye to eye strategy for gathering information has demonstrated to be successful, the web has demonstrated to be both increasingly compelling and progressively helpful. A conventional center gathering regularly comprises of around 10 individuals, while an online gathering can arrive at a great many members. The DiscoverWhy bunch is one such gathering that holds online surveys and center gatherings for different organizations. So as to test the effectiv... ...se the data carefully can increase significant knowledge to troublesome issues.  â â â â http://adage.com/search97cgi/s97_cgi?action=View&VdkVgwKey=%2E%2E%2F%2E%2E%2F%2E%2E%2Fadage%2Fwww%2Fnews%5Fand%5Ffeatures%2Ffeatures%2F19980420%2Farticle2%2Ehtml&DocOffset=35&DocsFound=92&QueryZip=focus+group&SearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fadage%2Ecom%2Fsearch97cgi%2Fs97%5Fcgi%3Faction%3DSearch%26QueryZip%3Dfocus%2Bgroup%26Filter%3Dadage%255Fbak%252Ehts%26ResultTemplate%3Dadage%255Fresults%252Ehts%26QueryText%3Dfocus%2Bgroup%26ResultStart%3D31%26ResultCount%3D10& http://adage.com/search97cgi/s97_cgi?action=View&VdkVgwKey=%2E%2E%2F%2E%2E%2F%2E%2E%2Fadage%2Fwww%2Finteractive%2Farticles%2F20000327%2Farticle1%2Ehtml&DocOffset=17&DocsFound=92&QueryZip=focus+groups&SearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fadage%2Ecom%2Fsearch97cgi%2Fs97%5Fcgi%3Faction%3DSearch%26QueryZip%3Dfocus%2Bgroups%26Filter%3Dadage%255Fbak%252Ehts%26ResultTemplate%3Dadage%255Fresults%252Ehts%26QueryText%3Dfocus%2Bgroups%26ResultStart%3D11%26ResultCount%3D10& http://www.adcritic.com/corporate/ http://www.mtv.com/sendme.tin?page=/mtv/news/chooseorlose/highlights/feature_0306.html

Making Hard Decisions Questions Essay

React to the accompanying inquiries from section 1 on pp12-13. Utilize this archive to react to the accompanying inquiry utilizing MS Word. Type your reactions beneath each question appeared underneath and use as much space as you requirement for your reaction. 1.2 Explain how displaying is utilized in choice investigation. What is implied by the term â€Å"requisite choice model†? Ans: Modeling is utilized in choice examination in a few different ways. Models encourage picking up experiences of a choice issue that may not be clear or evident on a superficial level. For instance, impact graphs and choice trees are utilized to speak to the choice issue. Various leveled and system models are utilized to comprehend the connections among various angles or destinations. Utility capacities are utilized to show the manner by which leaders esteem various results and exchange off contending goals. An imperative choice model is a model that can be viewed as essential just when no new instincts develop about the issue. In basic words, an imperative choice model is a model whose structure and substance are adequate to take care of a specific issue. Everything required to tackle the issue is spoken to in the model or can be reenacted by it (Phill ips, 1987, p.37). 1.3 What job do emotional decisions play in choice investigation? Ans: Subjective decisions are significant fixings in choice investigation. Finding and building up these decisions includes contemplating significant parts of a choice, which shapes a fundamental piece of choice investigation. In any case, it ought to likewise be remembered that individual bits of knowledge may be constrained and deceiving as people are blemished data processors. In this manner, it is basic that individual decisions are thought about, and simultaneously human psychological constraints are comprehended for improved choices. 1.4 At an evening gathering, a colleague asks whether you have perused anything fascinating of late, and you notice that you have started to peruse a book on choice investigation. Your companion asks what choice investigation is and for what valid reason anybody would need to peruse a book about it, not to mention think of one! How might you answer? Ans: Decision investigation comprises of a system and a toolbox for managing troublesome choices. It is utilized to help a leader contemplate complex issues and to improve the nature of coming about choices. Choice investigation offers direction to ordinary individuals taking a shot at hard choices utilizing major standards, for example, instruments to comprehend the structure of the issue, vulnerabilities included and the exchange offs innate in elective results. 1.5 Your companion in Question 1.4, after hearing your answer, is enchanted! â€Å"This is marvelous,† she shouts. â€Å"I have this troublesome decision to make at work. I’ll disclose to you the realities, and you can mention to me what I ought to do!† Explain to her why you can't do the investigation for her. Ans: Although choice examination gives direction to orderly deduction in hard choices, it doesn't imply that it gives an elective that must be aimlessly acknowledged. The chief ought to comprehend the issue completely. Choice examination doesn't ease the leader from the commitments in confronting the issue, or supplant their instinct. Rather than giving arrangements, it simply enlarges the choice maker’s manner of thinking by giving bits of knowledge into the destinations, exchange offs and vulnerabilities. In this manner, the companion must experience the procedure of choice investigation to comprehend the difficult which will help in better choice s. 1.10 â€Å"Socially capable investing† first got popular during the 1980s. Such contributing includes thought of the sorts of organizations that a firm participates in and choice of speculations that are as predictable as conceivable with the investor’s feeling of moral and good business movement. What exchange offs must the socially capable speculator makes? How are these exchange offs more confounded than those that we typically consider in settling on speculation choices? Review, from ISEN 667 the monetary target of the firm (expand the future abundance of the proprietors of the firm.) Ans: The key inquiry here is: can acceptable ecological execution can be related with acceptable money related execution? Since socially dependable putting firms don't put resources into a wide blend of stocks, one will anticipate that their presentation should linger behind different firms in the market. Costs are higher and the executives is tedious as socially cognizant portfolios require expanded administrative oversight and research. In any case, the market execution of these organizations will in general be steady over the long haul as they don't put resources into unpredictable endeavors. Accordingly, the leaders must consider the present moment just as the long terms impacts of the choice in their investigation. The exchange offs are more muddled than those that we regularly consider in settling on venture choices. This is on the grounds that money related exhibitions are very much characterized, though there are no unmistakable definitions for ecological execution pointers. Firms therefore, think that its hard to gauge their money related execution comparative with natural execution. 1.11 Many choices are basic, prearranged, or effectively understood. For instance, retailers don't need to think long to conclude how to manage another client. A few tasks inquire about models give â€Å"ready-made† choices, for example, finding an ideal stock level utilizing a request amount equation or deciding an ideal creation blend utilizing straight programming. Balance these choices with unstructured or key choices, for example, picking a vocation or finding an atomic force plant. Ans: Structured choices are programmable, preplanned choices which are made under the set up circumstances that are completely comprehended. There are restricted exchange offs and targets frequently are not clashing with other auxiliary destinations. Unstructured or vital choices are regularly made under circumstances that are indistinct or unsure. There are different exchange offs and targets to consider which are frequently clashing in nature. There is nobody specific answer for a key choice. Numerous options must be assessed and the choice picked may not really produce the best outcome. What sorts of choices are proper for a choice examination approach? Ans: Unstructured choices are proper for a choice investigation approach as there is no requirement for choice examination when the choice is basic or programmable. Perplexing, hard choices require efficient intuition, comprehension of the issue and familiarity with the vulnerabilities and exchanges offs, and along these lines, are fitting for choice investigation approach. Case Situation: Allude to the DuPont and Chlorofluorocarbons case on page 15 and react to the accompanying inquiries. 1. What issues would you consider and why? I would consider the accompanying issues: (I) Stakeholders’ needs: Stakeholders are of principal significance. The clashing issue is that without satisfying clients it is hard to boost investor returns, while without administrative help investor returns can't be guaranteed. (ii) Accountability and open observation: Should the firm acknowledge the logical proof and make it open? What will be the open response? (iii) Environmental duty: A total prohibition on CFCs would cause serious financial and medical issues in view of the loss of refrigeration and cooling. The firm is liable for building up a substitute before a total boycott is actualized. 2. What significant wellsprings of vulnerability do you face? (I) Uncertainty of Science: The logical proof that CFCs detrimentally affect the ozone layer may experience the ill effects of specific mishaps. I would allot researchers to concentrate more on the association among CFCs and ozone layer. (ii) Development of substitute: It isn't sure that the substitute created for CFCs would be as attractive as CFCs, and would be as proficient as CFCs. This can effectsly affect the exhibition of the firm. Additionally, it is unsure on the off chance that they will likewise harmfully affect the ozone. (iii) International participation: Development of the substitute and ensuing boycott of CFCs requires global collaboration which is dubious. 3. What corporate goals would be significant for you to consider? Do you imagine that DuPont’s corporate targets and the manner in which the organization sees the issue may have developed since the mid-1970s when CFCs were simply starting to turn into an issue? Ans: Taking the game-plan that boosts the firm’s benefit would be the most significant corporate goal of the firm. Notwithstanding, there is likewise an ecological viewpoint included. In this way, we should look for arrangements where the necessities of both can be fulfilled all the while. I think the manner in which the organization sees the issue may have developed since the mid-1970s from being benefit arranged to an all the more earth delicate point of view. References Robert. T. Clemen , Terrence Reilly, â€Å"Making Hard Decisions with Decision Tools†, Duxbury Press; 1 version, Jun 2000

Top 10 Tips for 2012 Application #3 The Personal Statement COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Tips for 2012 Application â€" #3 The Personal Statement COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is the third entry in our “Top 10? list to assist you with understanding the process of submitting your 2012 admission application to SIPA.   This entry is focused on advice regarding the personal statement. The personal statement is probably the most important part of an application because it helps us to learn about your passion, goals, and the impact you wish to make.   As much as we would like to, we are unable to conduct interviews with applicants as part of the admission process and you can think of your personal statement as a type of interview. If you could only spend 10-15 minutes in front of the Admissions Committee, what would you say to ensure us that you would be a contributing student in our program?   Your personal statement is your opportunity to “speak” to the Admissions Committee. Question:   Do I have to follow the format of the personal statement? Answer: Yes.   Our personal statement is broken into three parts, each with an associated word limit (one year PESP applicants see special note below).   Applicants should follow the instructions and keep within the stated word limits.   Applicants that obviously try to substitute a statement written according to another school’s requirements are judged harshly in the admissions process.   Following directions is an important part of the process of applying. The majority of this entry addresses the first part of the personal statement.   We generally do not provide instructions regarding the second part because we want each applicant to answer in their own way.   For the second part, we are interested in how applicants choose to respond to the question and thus have no specific advice on what constitutes a good part 2 answer. The third part of the personal statement is wide open.   We provide space where you can include information you wish for the Committee to be aware of that might not be highlighted in other parts of your application or that you feel will shed light on some aspect of your past or future goals.   Part three can focus on things you are proud of, or perhaps not so proud of.   The Admissions Committee would prefer to see something in section 3 so please try not to leave it blank. Question:   Do you have any general advice regarding the personal statement? Answer: Yes, and the rest of this entry will focus on advice for you to consider. For one, I would not quote anyone in your personal statement.   For example, it would not be wise to say something along the lines of the following I want to join SIPA because like Gandhi said, “I wish to be the change I wish to see in the world.” While this is a nice quote and Gandhi was an incredible person, the Admissions Committee is not making a decision to admit Gandhi to SIPA we are considering admitting you to our program.   Thus we are not so interested in what Gandhi has to say, rather we are   interested in what you have to say.   Also, when you quote someone else it in essence says, “I could not think of anything on my own to say, so let me let someone else do it for me.” At SIPA we are looking for creative, passionate, smart, driven, and competent people.   The best personal statements are just that â€" personal.   We want to hear from you.   The best applicants each year become quotable.   When an Admissions Committee member is impressed with what an applicant has written, they will often call attention to this when discussing the application.   So your goal should be to become quotable, not to quote someone else. Another note is that your answer to section one should not simply be your résumé in paragraph format.   In order to get your point across in your personal statement it might be necessary to restate information already included in your résumé, however do not restate information without a specific reason or goal. One thing not to do for example is to tell us in your personal statement where you went to school.   Many applicants will mention the name of their school in the personal statement.  What is wrong with this?   Well, you sent us your transcript and you state where you went to school in your résumé, why would we need to be told a third time where you went to school?   Use your personal statement to get across new information that might not be contained in other parts of your application. Your answer to part one of the personal statement should particularly be about what you hope to accomplish in the future.   What are you passionate about?   What are your goals?   What impact do you hope to make on the world?   Most of the contents of your application are about your past, we want a glimpse into your future. One thing we are trying to determine is if SIPA is the right program for you.   We are also trying to determine the type of contribution you will make as a student and alumnus of our program.   We do understand that you might not know exactly what you wish to do, however you should try to be as specific as you can.   For example, if you are interested in development, is there a region or particular group of people you wish to focus on? Strong responses to part one are focused and clear. An example of not being focused is to say that you wish to work for the United Nations. Just saying this alone is too vague. The United Nations is comprised of a multitude of organizations, doing a multitude of different things, in a multitude of different places. Listing a broad policy objective without context is also a common mistake. Whatever you hope to do, you should integrate the who, what, where, how, and why elements into your statement. Address questions such as: Who do you wish to impact? Is there a specific region, city, country, locality you are passionate about? What population do you hope to serve? What concerns you about the future and how do you hope to address policy questions to make a difference? What skills will SIPA help you to develop? Is there a sector that is most appealing to you? (Non-profit, multilateral, for profit, public). Do you hope to go in a new direction and why? Specificity is important. The most outstanding personal statements each year become a part of discussions amongst members of the Admissions Committee.   Each person is different and has a different history and goals.   Make sure to pour yourself into your personal statement and it will likely stand out because no two people are the same. Here again are the three parts of the personal statement we are asking applicants for the fall 2012 semester to respond to.   SPECIAL NOTE: applicants to our one year Program in Environmental Science and Policy should ONLY respond to section one and have 1,000 words to do so.   All other Master degree applicants should address all three sections. Section One (500 Word Maximum) What distinct impact do you hope to have on the world in the future? Please be as clear as possible about your future goals, the policy/public service issue(s) you are passionate about, and your personal motivation(s). Be sure to include details regarding the features of SIPA that you believe are integral to helping you in your pursuits and what skills you need to develop to achieve a lasting impact. Section Two (300 Word Maximum) Please CHOOSE ONE of these options to write about â€" do not address both, pick one or the other.   All relevant information should be included in the statement.   For example, the organization information (option 1) or issue you are responding to (option 2) should be included in the 300 words.   In other words, you may not submit more than 300 words so include everything in your response. 1. A competition is being conducted that will provide one million dollars as seed funding to start a new organization.   The competition requires a 300 word essay/statement.   Compose a 300 word essay/statement to submit in order to be considered for this seed funding. 2. You have just read a news story that has deeply moved you.   Compose a 300 word response in the form of a letter to the editor.   The news story you are responding to can be real or fictional and does not need to be limited to the present time â€" it can be framed in the past, present, or future. Section Three (200 Word Maximum) Please share any additional information about yourself that you believe would be of interest to the Admissions Committee. Please focus on information that is not already reflected in the other parts of your application or might not be clear in the information submitted.

Impact of Mental Health Legislation on People with Dementia - 3025 Words

Impact of Mental Health Legislation on People with Dementia (Research Paper Sample) Content: Impact of Mental Health Legislation on People with Dementia Author Institution Impact of Mental Health Legislation on People with Dementia Introduction Dementia is defined as the loss of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s memory of current and past relations and events that happens progressively (Bynum, 2014). On the other hand, the Australian government defines mental illness as a condition "characterized by a disturbance of thought, mood, volition, perception, orientation or memoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which affects the behavior or judgment of a person permanently or temporarily (Government of Western Australia, 2016). This definition includes the characteristics that define dementia. Thus, dementia is viewed as a mental illness (Bynum, 2014; Emmett, Poole, Bond, Hughes, 2013; Malhotra Shah, 2015). Obtaining treatment for mental disorders such as dementia is essential. The manner in which such persons have to be treated has also been a topic of debate over time thereby calling for legislation to regulate the conduct of professionals when providing health care (Livingston et al., 2010). The nature of their vulnerability also provokes legislation to come to their aid especially in regulating decision-making done on their behalf. In most instances, legislation usually allows for the admission, detainment, and treatment of persons with mental disorders (Szmukler, Daw Callard, 2014). The bone of contention is the point at which an individual is considered to have lost his or her capacity to make decisions on his or her own behalf. Certain legislation, for instance UK and Australia, considers an individual to have lacked capacity when the same individual is unable, to express his decision, consider and utilize information to facilitate decisions, understand and retain information re levant to decisions (Ryan, Callaghan Large, 2012). Different reasons have also been brought forward to explain why individuals may lack the capacity to make decisions on their own behalf. Dementia has been acknowledged as one of the major causes for lack of capacity. Other causes include learning disability and brain injury among others (Livingston et al., 2010). Legislation on mental health may be formulated from different aspects, which may include but not limited to decisions about health care and treatment, identification and detention, equality in treatment, use of coercive means, and human rights among others. Legislations, in most cases, are formulated to curb emerging issues in the psychiatric domain with regard to dementia patients to benefit and protect them before, during, and after care has been provided (Szmukler, Daw Callard, 2014). On the other hand, the formulated legislation may be accompanied by several challenges directed to professionals, relatives and friends, and mental health institutions taking care of such patients (Livingston et al., 2010). This review of previous studies therefore seeks to examine the impacts of mental health legislation, in Australia, England, and United States, with the view of analyzing the benefits and challenges accruing from various aspects of mental health legislation and their possible direct and indirect effects on persons with dementia. Literature search This paper followed a systematic search of literature process to identify scholarly literature on the impact of mental health legislation on people with dementia. A search was carried out through different databases and journals for peer-reviewed papers. The search was done to filter papers that were published between the year 2009 and 2016. From the PubMed.gov database, the search string used MeSH terms "dementiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "legislationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "mental healthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and "personsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This search resulted in a total of twenty-four articles. A filter was instigated to remain with articles that had both the terms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢dementiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"legislationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ ending up with two articles. A second search was carried out using the search string "mental health legislation on people with dementia" on Biomed Central database. This search resulted in one hundred and thirteen articles. The abstracts were retrieved and read, which lead to retaining three articles for this review. A third search was conducted in the Wiley online library database with the search string "impact of mental health legislation on people with dementia" that resulted in twenty-five results. After retrieving and reading through the abstracts, two articles were retained for this review. The last search was carried out in the Google Scholar database through HINARI with the search string "impact of mental health legislation on people with dementia" resulting in the retaining of six articles, after retrieval of relevant abstracts. The second search on Google Scholar used the search string "mental health legislation on people with dementia Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , with Exact "Mental Health Act" resulting in thirteen articles. The abstracts were retrieved and studied, which resulted in retaining six articles for the review. The Mental Health Act 2014 for Australia was also retrieved and used in this review. Thus, the total number of article in the review is twenty. Benefits of mental health legislation on individuals with dementia The principles entrenched in legislation targeting the mental disorder provide significant avenues for reforming the psychiatric practice and further providing worthwhile directions to appointed decision makers. These contributions promote patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interests and direct decisions. Several principles have been suggested for the latter courses. The first principle as envisaged in the Western Australia mental health legislation ensures that all the decisions made on behalf of the individuals with dementia are done in a manner that significantly minimizes the undesired impacts of mental disorder (Government of Western Australia, 2016). This criterion seeks to curb adverse decisions that may hinder patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ recovery. This norm is referred to as the principle of purpose (Glover-Thomas, 2013; Callaghan Ryan, 2012). In as much as legislation may seek to act based on the best interest of the dementia patients (Government of Western Australia, 2016), skewed application of mental health legislation may lead to social deprivation. Consequently, a significant positive correlation was found between relative deprivation and use of acute community care provisions of New Zealand legislation on mental health (Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Brien, Kydd Frampton, 2011). The second principle in the Western Australian mental health legislation seeks to restrict the decision makersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ powers with regard to setting restrictions on patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ liberty. In this case, restrictions imposed on dementia patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by decision makers shall be minimized significantly (Government of Western Australia, 2016). However, findings in the Waterlow case raises crucial areas that can necessitate restrictions. In the event that the decision maker foresees the risk of harm to himself or others, restrictions can be upheld and that common sense is expected to prevail in predicting the risk of harm (Ryan, Callaghan Large, 2012). Other research also perceives the additional harm provision in the Australian law reform as a form of discrimination for persons lacking the decision-making capacity and further suggest that it could be replaced with the best interest test (Szmukler, Daw Callard, 2014; Callaghan Ryan, 2012). The third and the fourth principles of the Western Australian mental legislation seeks to enhance respect and recognition among the various values, needs, and circumstances of dementia patients while advocating for participation that encourages the involvement of patients (Government of Western Australia, 2016). Finally, these decisions should be seen to enhance efficiency, effectiveness and equity. In this case, resources shall be utilized in the most efficient manner possible (Glover-Thomas, 2013; Ryan, Callaghan Large, 2012). The applicability of these principles may be derailed by the introduction of other legislation seeking to protect the interest of the dementia patients but at the same time discriminating against their treatment needs. Certain concerns have been raised regarding the contravention of the principle of efficiency, effectiveness, and equity, which requires legislation to apply parity between mental disability and other disabilities. For instance, the NSW Mental Health Act 2007 restricts treatment of psychiatric disorders using electroconvulsive therapy while at the same time prohibits the use of deep brain stimulation and psychosurgery. It is argued that these forms of treatment are essential for patients with neurological disorder while at the same time, the available clinical evidence on safety and efficacy does not justify imposing restrictions (Loo, Trollor, Alonzo, Rendina Kavess, 2010; Szmukler, Daw Callard, 2014). Such legislations are therefore seen, by this school of thought, to be discriminative to patients with mental disorder and do not work for the best interest of the mental patients. There is a need therefore to balance the aim to facilitate safeguards with the objective of enhancing psychiatric treatment (Loo, Trollor, Alonzo, Rendina Kavess, 2010). Another benefit brought forward with the application of the mental health parity legislation such as the United States 2008 Mental Health Parity Act, is the requirement for insurance providers to provide same or comparable benefits for physical health and mental health care patients (US Department of Labor, 2010). This provides an avenue for legislation to facilitate improved services to dementia patients. The Proponents, on one hand, argue that such legislation shall be instrumental in enhancing the required treatment as we...