Impact of Mental Health Legislation on People with Dementia - 3025 Words

Impact of Mental Health Legislation on People with Dementia (Research Paper Sample) Content: Impact of Mental Health Legislation on People with Dementia Author Institution Impact of Mental Health Legislation on People with Dementia Introduction Dementia is defined as the loss of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s memory of current and past relations and events that happens progressively (Bynum, 2014). On the other hand, the Australian government defines mental illness as a condition "characterized by a disturbance of thought, mood, volition, perception, orientation or memoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which affects the behavior or judgment of a person permanently or temporarily (Government of Western Australia, 2016). This definition includes the characteristics that define dementia. Thus, dementia is viewed as a mental illness (Bynum, 2014; Emmett, Poole, Bond, Hughes, 2013; Malhotra Shah, 2015). Obtaining treatment for mental disorders such as dementia is essential. The manner in which such persons have to be treated has also been a topic of debate over time thereby calling for legislation to regulate the conduct of professionals when providing health care (Livingston et al., 2010). The nature of their vulnerability also provokes legislation to come to their aid especially in regulating decision-making done on their behalf. In most instances, legislation usually allows for the admission, detainment, and treatment of persons with mental disorders (Szmukler, Daw Callard, 2014). The bone of contention is the point at which an individual is considered to have lost his or her capacity to make decisions on his or her own behalf. Certain legislation, for instance UK and Australia, considers an individual to have lacked capacity when the same individual is unable, to express his decision, consider and utilize information to facilitate decisions, understand and retain information re levant to decisions (Ryan, Callaghan Large, 2012). Different reasons have also been brought forward to explain why individuals may lack the capacity to make decisions on their own behalf. Dementia has been acknowledged as one of the major causes for lack of capacity. Other causes include learning disability and brain injury among others (Livingston et al., 2010). Legislation on mental health may be formulated from different aspects, which may include but not limited to decisions about health care and treatment, identification and detention, equality in treatment, use of coercive means, and human rights among others. Legislations, in most cases, are formulated to curb emerging issues in the psychiatric domain with regard to dementia patients to benefit and protect them before, during, and after care has been provided (Szmukler, Daw Callard, 2014). On the other hand, the formulated legislation may be accompanied by several challenges directed to professionals, relatives and friends, and mental health institutions taking care of such patients (Livingston et al., 2010). This review of previous studies therefore seeks to examine the impacts of mental health legislation, in Australia, England, and United States, with the view of analyzing the benefits and challenges accruing from various aspects of mental health legislation and their possible direct and indirect effects on persons with dementia. Literature search This paper followed a systematic search of literature process to identify scholarly literature on the impact of mental health legislation on people with dementia. A search was carried out through different databases and journals for peer-reviewed papers. The search was done to filter papers that were published between the year 2009 and 2016. From the PubMed.gov database, the search string used MeSH terms "dementiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "legislationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , "mental healthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and "personsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This search resulted in a total of twenty-four articles. A filter was instigated to remain with articles that had both the terms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢dementiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"legislationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ ending up with two articles. A second search was carried out using the search string "mental health legislation on people with dementia" on Biomed Central database. This search resulted in one hundred and thirteen articles. The abstracts were retrieved and read, which lead to retaining three articles for this review. A third search was conducted in the Wiley online library database with the search string "impact of mental health legislation on people with dementia" that resulted in twenty-five results. After retrieving and reading through the abstracts, two articles were retained for this review. The last search was carried out in the Google Scholar database through HINARI with the search string "impact of mental health legislation on people with dementia" resulting in the retaining of six articles, after retrieval of relevant abstracts. The second search on Google Scholar used the search string "mental health legislation on people with dementia Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , with Exact "Mental Health Act" resulting in thirteen articles. The abstracts were retrieved and studied, which resulted in retaining six articles for the review. The Mental Health Act 2014 for Australia was also retrieved and used in this review. Thus, the total number of article in the review is twenty. Benefits of mental health legislation on individuals with dementia The principles entrenched in legislation targeting the mental disorder provide significant avenues for reforming the psychiatric practice and further providing worthwhile directions to appointed decision makers. These contributions promote patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interests and direct decisions. Several principles have been suggested for the latter courses. The first principle as envisaged in the Western Australia mental health legislation ensures that all the decisions made on behalf of the individuals with dementia are done in a manner that significantly minimizes the undesired impacts of mental disorder (Government of Western Australia, 2016). This criterion seeks to curb adverse decisions that may hinder patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ recovery. This norm is referred to as the principle of purpose (Glover-Thomas, 2013; Callaghan Ryan, 2012). In as much as legislation may seek to act based on the best interest of the dementia patients (Government of Western Australia, 2016), skewed application of mental health legislation may lead to social deprivation. Consequently, a significant positive correlation was found between relative deprivation and use of acute community care provisions of New Zealand legislation on mental health (Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Brien, Kydd Frampton, 2011). The second principle in the Western Australian mental health legislation seeks to restrict the decision makersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ powers with regard to setting restrictions on patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ liberty. In this case, restrictions imposed on dementia patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by decision makers shall be minimized significantly (Government of Western Australia, 2016). However, findings in the Waterlow case raises crucial areas that can necessitate restrictions. In the event that the decision maker foresees the risk of harm to himself or others, restrictions can be upheld and that common sense is expected to prevail in predicting the risk of harm (Ryan, Callaghan Large, 2012). Other research also perceives the additional harm provision in the Australian law reform as a form of discrimination for persons lacking the decision-making capacity and further suggest that it could be replaced with the best interest test (Szmukler, Daw Callard, 2014; Callaghan Ryan, 2012). The third and the fourth principles of the Western Australian mental legislation seeks to enhance respect and recognition among the various values, needs, and circumstances of dementia patients while advocating for participation that encourages the involvement of patients (Government of Western Australia, 2016). Finally, these decisions should be seen to enhance efficiency, effectiveness and equity. In this case, resources shall be utilized in the most efficient manner possible (Glover-Thomas, 2013; Ryan, Callaghan Large, 2012). The applicability of these principles may be derailed by the introduction of other legislation seeking to protect the interest of the dementia patients but at the same time discriminating against their treatment needs. Certain concerns have been raised regarding the contravention of the principle of efficiency, effectiveness, and equity, which requires legislation to apply parity between mental disability and other disabilities. For instance, the NSW Mental Health Act 2007 restricts treatment of psychiatric disorders using electroconvulsive therapy while at the same time prohibits the use of deep brain stimulation and psychosurgery. It is argued that these forms of treatment are essential for patients with neurological disorder while at the same time, the available clinical evidence on safety and efficacy does not justify imposing restrictions (Loo, Trollor, Alonzo, Rendina Kavess, 2010; Szmukler, Daw Callard, 2014). Such legislations are therefore seen, by this school of thought, to be discriminative to patients with mental disorder and do not work for the best interest of the mental patients. There is a need therefore to balance the aim to facilitate safeguards with the objective of enhancing psychiatric treatment (Loo, Trollor, Alonzo, Rendina Kavess, 2010). Another benefit brought forward with the application of the mental health parity legislation such as the United States 2008 Mental Health Parity Act, is the requirement for insurance providers to provide same or comparable benefits for physical health and mental health care patients (US Department of Labor, 2010). This provides an avenue for legislation to facilitate improved services to dementia patients. The Proponents, on one hand, argue that such legislation shall be instrumental in enhancing the required treatment as we...

The Caps Test For Career Assessment - 788 Words

Section One The CAPS test administered for career assessment, the assessment relates to occupation and occupational abilities. In order for this test to be consider reliable, it must consistent in that it measures what it suppose to measure (Knapp, Knapp, Knapp-Lee, 1992, p. 40), which is occupational abilities. I believe that the CAPS test has acceptable reliable, if the test was re-administered in two weeks, I would have similar results because the timing and length of the test reduced my chances of memorizing the content of the test. To have validity, a test must measure what it purports to measure (Hays, 2013, p. 96). In my opinion, the CAPS has fairly acceptable validity but lacks face validity in that it does not look like it measure occupational abilities but educational abilities. However, face validity does not prove as evidence of validity (Hays, 2013, p. 97). I believe the CAPS has fairly acceptable validity, because it fairly predicts appropriate careers according to the test taker’s high interest areas. While administering the test, I was very nervous at first. I knew that I had to strictly following the administration instructions and was nervous that I would mess up, which could negatively affect the test taker’s results. Towards the third section, it was quite fun as I got the hang of being the administrator. Also, knowing that this was practice eased my anxiety and made it quite fun. I had difficulty scoring because the test taker’s pencil marks wereShow MoreRelatedThe Caps Test Is An Instrument Administered For Career Assessment873 Words   |  4 PagesThe CAPS test is an instrument administered for career assessment, the assessment relates to occupational abilities. 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Analysis of Two Kinds Free Essay Example, 1000 words

It is this simple reality which is symbolically developed into a story by the writer to highlight the truth that no one can be forced to become a prodigy. The story also unravels the inner conflicting motives of the characters. She says, And then I decided, I didn't have to do what mother said anymore. I wasn't her slave . In short, the issues involved in the story are of universal interest. The first and foremost issue is that unless one has the innate talent, it is impossible to become a prodigy. To prove this the writer gives a contrast in the story. Waverly is another girl in the story, who becomes successful as a chess player. She receives only some simple guidance to develop her talent. And her mother knows the art of cultivating her skill. Woo, on the other hand, uses her maternal power excessively, resulting in the total ruin of her instinct. Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. asserts the mother (p. Thus, an unconscious repulsion develops in the child towar ds music. In fact, Two Kinds highlights several pairs of opposing issues emerging from the situations created by the conflicting attitudes of the mother and the child. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Two Kinds or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Woo becomes a victim of that. Both America and the piano are cultural traps. Not only two kinds of places, but several kinds of social pressures frustrate the sincere desires of the mother. The two dissimilar cultures, time in the form of past and present, old and new, obedience and defiance, expectations and reality, etc are some of the Two Kinds working on the tiny psyche of the child. Everything has two sides is something the mother never realizes. And, as far as the daughter is concerned, she is incapable of seeing beyond her immediate instinct.

The Impact of Social Media on Relationships - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1996 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? When walking down any street in America today you will see people looking down at their phones. Anywhere there is a wifi connection people will be browsing the internet. The average millenial will be on their phone as soon as they wake up to browsing their social media feeds to see what their friends have been posting. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of Social Media on Relationships" essay for you Create order This constant stream of thoughtless noise can be toxic to people and their lifestyle. People who create this habit of connecting to their phone they start to connect not with their friends or family, but the phone itself. They become addicted to their phones and go great lengths such as risking their lives while driving to check their messages. Although the creation of the mobile phone was intended to bring people closer together, it has only estranged people from the community around themselves by setting up false expectations for ones self, allowing people to create unhealthy bonds, and forcing them to shelter themselves from the outside world. Because of the internet, the social bonds people create are far different than before. Although one can argue that social media allows for relationships to grow stronger, phones have in reality created a greater disconnect between friends. When anyone logs onto social media the first thing that pops up is what everyone is saying. These sites and apps are like voids that people are able to shout their opinions and views into at all hours of the day. Within the void people are posting photos with hashtags and captions of positivity telling of their great vacation or their night out with their partner. Pages are created for each individual so they can showcase their life on a platter for each one of their peers to judge. It is to be expected that what a person is putting on their page is the truth, but does anyone really adhere to this? If people were honest there would be more posts talking about the long hours they have to work to get food on the table, or the embarrassing hardships t hey are going through. It seems outlandish and crazy because this would never happen. People dont want to share their true self on the internet, they want their best or possibly a false self there. The best example of this is the episode titled Nosedive from the Netflix series Black Mirror. The episode takes place in an exaggerated version of the media filled world of today and shows what the future could potentially look like. In this future everyone has a number rating that is based on how others perceive you.The main character Lacie is obsessed with raising her number so that in turn her social status will be raised. Many times during the episode Lacie looks through her feed of people posting about their lives and rates them highly so they will rate her back. She doesnt actually care about the individual person, but getting their approval. In a specific scene she takes the time to order a coffee for the sole purpose of getting the perfect photo of it. She then posts the photo of her coffee saying it tastes like heaven! but as soon as she actually takes a sip she scrunches up her face in disgust. This disgust clears up quickly though because her phone lights up with notifications telling her that people are liking the photo. This shows that she doesnt receive joy from her surroundings or her experiences, but from what her phone is telling her. None of what she is putting out into her social media is truthful to who she is as a person or what she is experiencing, and this isnt that far from the current reality. People all over the world put out pictures and text on the internet that makes their life seem like the ideal one even when its far from the truth. In turn people see this fallacy and wonder if their own life is as interesting as it should be, creating a cycle of self conscious people hiding their real selves from the world around them. It creates a disconnect. People believe that they are equally sharing information as their friends are with them, but both parties are trying to hide all of the uncomfortable subjects and going so far as to lying to make it seem like their life is more interesting. Instead of being more connected with others and interested in what is happening in their lives, people are more connected to the number of friends and likes they are getting on their post. People connect to the notifications on their phones instead of the people which causes an unhealthy bond to their phone. These bonds people are creating with their phone can be toxic and seep into their real life. Because phones can connect people to a larger world than where they live it creates an opportunity for people to use their phone as an escape from their real life. If left to extreme this could ruin a persons real life. People will claim that being on their phone connects them to the people they most care about, but what if these people are connecting not to their friends but to their phone? One specific example of this is found in Sherry Turkles book Alone Together specifically the chapter titled Growing up Tethered. In this chapter she explores the impact that phones and social media has had on kids because there hasnt been any previous generation with this kind of technology. Turkle talks to a teenager named Julia about her relationship with her phone and texting; Julia describes how painful it is to text about feelings and get no response: I get mad. Even if I email someone, I want the re sponse, like, right there answering me ¦ if they dont answer me, and Ill text them again. Are you mad? Are you there? Are you okay? (Turkle 176). Anyone can see that Julia is an average teenage girl who likes to be on her phone texting her friends, but when one looks closer at her response it actually sounds like shes addicted to online messaging. When she doesnt feel good she looks to her phone to feel better just as a drug addict turns to drugs. She gets a high from getting a response from her friends. She wants that validation that everything will be okay, and just like an addict when her friends dont respond she gets withdrawals. She gets anxious wondering if her friends dont like her anymore or if something bad happened to them because they arent able to answer their phone. This relationship just like any addiction needs to be taken under control before it gets worse. Turkle shows how this relationship with phones and social media has become a part of teens lives and somethi ng they cant live without. In the full chapter she goes on to talk about how this fills up every second of their lives leaving no room for self reflection or contemplation. If teens go to their friends first with their problems they dont fully get to sit with the feeling theyre experiencing and try to figure it out for themselves. Its the friends to tell them how they should feel about the situation not their own conscious. Social media along with creating a connection with friends that have met in real life, it also brings connections to people that have never met before which can unintentionally be harmful for both parties. Even when connecting with thousands of people at a time, the internet is built in a way that can make isolation very easy. When anyone is browsing on the internet they can choose who and what they want to see. Automated systems are set in place that learn from what people are searching and recommend similar topics or stories that they will likely enjoy. Although this can be helpful for people wanting to spend less time searching and more time enjoying content, it can have far greater consequences. For example in Charles Seifes article The Loneliness of the Interconnected he talks about how the internet has allowed people to create their own groups and spread misinformation like wildfire. In one case a mom made a blog post about a disease her son had that doctors were dumb founded by. Her story was seen by others and in no time thousands of people were sharing their similar experiences with the specific ailment and their own failures to find a cure. It became so popular and seen by so many people that the Mayo Clinic was alerted to the epidemic and ran a study. Surely if thousands of people came together all experiencing the same symptoms then they would be able to find some sort of cure right? But the problem is that the Mayo Clinic couldnt find anything wrong with any of the patients they studied. All of them were perfectly healthy and doctors announced that there was no such thing as such a disease. The patients of course didnt believe them. They had spent so much time reading each others posts, getting to know this community of people struggling with a disease and hoping to find a cure that when told that the whole thing wasnt real they just couldnt bring themselves to believe that the whole thing was fake. They had become so wrapped up with the thought that themselves and hundreds of people were suffering with a horrible sickness and they didnt want to believe it. If this had happened in a time where social media didnt exist then there wouldve been no way the fake disease couldve spread as wide and fast as it did. The internet allowed for people to write stories that werent true and convince each other that they were suffering from a disease that wasnt even real. Because they formed this group it created a barrier between themselves and the truth and they were able to hide themselves from reality. Theyve estranged themselves from anyone who thinks that the sickness was a lie because they have hundreds of people on the internet to back them up who are able to assure them that they arent crazy. This is so unhealthy because they are no longer sure who they can trust. How can anyone trust a doctor who refuses to treat an illness that you believe you are suffering from. These seemingly small communities that are created online end up creating larger problems for people in their real life. Because of social media people are being brainwashed to leave their real lives and dedicate more time to their online commitments. As seen in Black Mirror, it tricks people into turning on their friends to try to become better than all of them. Different social media platforms will reward members for receiving a higher amount of likes with banners and a pop up when they reach a milestone. The internet has a greater control on people by the fact that everyone has their phone on themselves at all times. This makes people more in need for constant gratification. Before cell phones it would take a phone call on a landline or handwritten letter in the mail to contact a long distance friend. But because society has become accustomed to receiving messages instantly that if anything takes a longer amount of time it becomes a major inconvenience and waste of time. Each person is expected to return messages at any time of the day because it takes so little time to reply. But when do people get a break? There is no way to get everyone to quit the internet. Its far too wide spread and integrated into daily life, but each individual needs to be aware of how they are spending their time and how that is affecting their life. At the end of the day social media is unnecessary and becomes more harm than good when used to extremes.

My essay is about masculinity in the Iliad and how gender...

The War Versus Oneself During the time period in which the Iliad took place there was a great emphasis put on masculinity. Five specific qualities were required to obtain the venerable title of a hero. Firstly, one must be born unto noble birth. For instance, a man born from the social status of a servant would cause the man to be immediately looked down on for his rankings among his higher status social counterparts. Secondly, the hero must attain strength. Without strength, the man cannot prove himself victorious throughout battles causing him either death or the unthinkable characteristic of humiliation which in turn causes the man more pain than death itself. Thirdly, a man must encompass courage. If a soldier was frightened going†¦show more content†¦Agamemnon sees himself in control and plans to stay in control. Lastly, it is certain that both Achilles and Agamemnon attain power. Agamemnon s power lies in his control over his country while Achilles power rests in his physical strength and co urage. Though Achilles and Agamemnon share similarities and differences both of their personalities strive for the same goal which inevitably is the glory of war. As a result, these characters follow the heroic code which in turn will bring the glory of war. In book nine Achilles is faced with a dilemma between the glory of war and a life of peace and longevity. When Achilles is tempted to take on a life of easiness he knows in his conscious that his fate does not lay there. Thus, the importance of the heroic code tempts him back to his destined position. In book nine Achilles makes it clear despite his anger that he will return. He states, I will not think of arming for bloody war again, not till the son of wise King Priam, dazzling Hector batters all the way to the Myrmidion ships and shelters, slaughtering Argives, gutting the halls with fire (9.795-798). It is evident, regardless of Achilles anger towards Agamemnon, that he feels the heroic code luring him back where he is most content. Conversely, Agamemnon s final goal is also to achieve the glory of war regardless of the fact that he will not tempt to risk his life. When riches are obt ained it is inevitable

Anne Boleyn Free Essays

Anne Boleyn lived a strategic lifestyle in the English court of Henry VIII. As a pawn of her family, she went from a small girl in the French court to the queen. Henry had an obsession with Anne and would stop at nothing until they were together causing many long term affects on England. We will write a custom essay sample on Anne Boleyn or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people had different contrasting views of Anne Boleyn; on one hand she was viewed as a jezebel or concubine by the Catholics but at the same time she was viewed as a saintly queen by protestant writers. Both these conflicting portraits of Anne Boleyn have a degree of truth but at the same time are inaccurate. Through both of these characters Anne Boleyn’s relationship with Henry VIII caused many effects upon England during his reign such as changing how the church had been set up for thousands of years and the way women were viewed in this time. Anne spent part of her childhood in the court of the Archduchess Margaret, the daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Mary, Duchess of Burgundy. Anne was around the age of 12-13, as that was the minimum age for a ‘fille d’honneur’, also know as a bridesmaid or maid of honor . It was from there that she was transferred to the household of Mary, Henry VIII’s sister, who was married to Louis XII of France. Anne’s sister Mary was already in ‘the French Queen’s’ attendance. However, when Louis died, Mary Boleyn returned to England with Mary Tudor, while Anne remained in France to attend Claude, the new French queen. Anne remained in France for the next 6 or 7 years. During her stay in France she learned to speak French fluently and developed a taste for French clothes, poetry and music. While there in France Anne gained a very unique style and grace that made her very noticeable in the English court. Anne brought to England a new mold for a renaissance woman. She was literate and had received a formal education. Along with this Anne brought her French style that spread through the English court. In 1521 or early 1522, with war between England and France imminent, Anne returned home. When she first caught Henry VIII’s eye is unknown. He was originally attracted to her sister, Mary who came to court before Anne . She was the king’s mistress in the early 1520s and, as a mark of favor; her ather was elevated to the peerage as viscount Rochford in 1525. Mary herself would leave court with only a dull marriage, and possibly the king’s illegitimate son, as her reward. Anne learned much from her sister’s example. Anne’s first years at court were spent in service to Henry VIII’s first wife, Katharine of Aragon. She became quite popular among the younger men. She was not considered a great beauty; her sister occupied that position in the family, but even Mary was merely deemed ‘pretty’. Anne’s focuses were her style, her wit and charm; she was quick-tempered and spirited. Her most remarkable physical attributes were her large dark eyes and long black hair. It is likely that Henry sought to make Anne his mistress, as he had her sister Mary years before. Maybe drawing on the example of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen to Edward IV (and maternal grandmother to Henry VIII) who was said to have told King Edward that she would only be his wife, not his mistress, Anne denied Henry VIII sexual favors. We don’t know who first had the idea of marriage, but eventually it evolved into â€Å"Queen or nothing† for Anne. How Anne was able to capture and maintain the king’s attention for such a long while, despite great obstacles and the constant presence of malicious gossip cannot be explained. Henry was headstrong and querulous. But for several years, he remained faithful to his feelings for Anne and his desire for a legitimate male heir. He sent many love letters to Anne; his campaign to win her became a dangerous obsession lasting for seven years. My mistress and friend: I and my heart put ourselves in your hands, begging you to have them suitors for your good favor, and that your affection for them should not grow less through absence. For it would be a great pity to increase their sorrow since absence does it sufficiently, and more than ever I could have thought possible reminding us of a point in astronomy, which is, that the longer the days are the farther off is the sun, and yet the more fierce. So it is with our love, for by absence we are parted, yet nevertheless it keeps its fervour, at least on my side, and I hope on yours also: assuring you that on my side the ennui of absence is already too much for me: and when I think of the increase of what I must needs suffer it would be well nigh unbearable for me were it not for the firm hope I have nd as I cannot be with you in person, I am sending you the nearest possible thing to that, namely, my picture set in a bracelet, with the whole device which you already know. Wishing myself in their place when it shall please you. This by the hand of Your loyal servant and friend H. Rex His desire for Anne increased his efforts to secure an annulment from his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. During their eighteen-year marriage, Catherine had failed to give Henry a male heir to the throne of England, only producing a daughter, Mary. In 1527 Henry asked the Pope for an annulment of his marriage to Catherine so that he could marry Anne. Because the Pope did not grant Henry his wish, he and his Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534, which proclaimed the King as head of the Church of England. Although Henry VIII himself was a religious conservative, England slowly began to create the branch of Christianity known as Anglicanism, which often considers itself to have taken a middle road between Luther’s and Calvin’s Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. It also closely involved Parliament in the key decisions, including the Act of Succession, allowing representatives of the people a vital role in choosing the next dynastic monarch. During Anne’s marriage to Henry VIII, she had a large amount of control over the monarchy. She changed the face of politics in England. Anne Boleyn was intelligent and was not afraid of saying what she thought . It is known that she influenced Henry, and that is a reason why Thomas Cromwell, an English statesman who served as King Henry VIII’s chief minister from 1532 to 1540 , conspired to get rid of her. Her influence over the monarch led to Wolsey’s fall from grace, and Cromwell blamed her for affecting foreign policy and preventing an English-Imperial alliance. Yet Anne was a woman, and women of the time were not meant to have opinions and meddle in politics. After being married, Anne entered confinement for the birth of her first child on 26 August 1533. The child was born on 7 September 1533 and had the largest effect on England that Anne Boleyn caused. The healthy baby girl called Elizabeth was not the disappointment most assumed, nor did she immediately cause her mother’s downfall. The birth had been very easy and quick. The queen recovered quickly. Henry had every reason to believe that strong princes would follow. It was only when Anne miscarried two sons that he began to question the validity of his second marriage. It was a tedious and frightening dance for Anne. During the two and a half years after Elizabeth’s birth, she was rarely secure or certain of her position and the king’s affections. The continued lack of an heir and Anne’s miscarriages reminded him of Katharine. Like most of his contemporaries, the king blamed his wife when she did not conceive or carry to term. Anne had one last chance, and in June 1535, became pregnant again. She lost that child as well, in January 1536. She was reported to have said, â€Å"I have miscarried of my savior. † Katharine of Aragon died in January as well, just a few days before Anne’s miscarriage. These events, taken together, pushed Henry into action. While Katharine lived, most of Europe, and many Englishmen, had regarded her as his rightful wife, not Anne. Now he was rid of Katharine; if he were to rid himself of Anne, he could marry again – and this third marriage would never be tainted by the specter of bigamy. He had her arrested, charged with adultery, witchcraft, and incest; the charges were ludicrous even to her enemies. As queen of England, Anne was tried by her peers; the main charge was adultery, and this was an act of treason for a queen. No member of the nobility would help her; her craven uncle Norfolk pronounced the death sentence. A skilled swordsman was brought over from France. She was assured that there would be little pain. She replied, with typical spirit, ‘I have heard that the executioner is very good and I have a little neck. ‘ Anne had prayed for exile and to end her days in a nunnery, but now faced a more tragic fate. She met it with bravery and wit. She was brought to the scaffold at 8 o’clock in the morning on 19 May 1536. It was a spectacle that had never happened before, the first public execution of an English queen. Anne, who had defended herself so ably at her trial, chose her last words carefully: ‘Good Christian people, I am come hither to die, for according to the law, and by the law I am judged to die, and therefore I will speak nothing against it. I am come hither to accuse no man, nor to speak anything of that, whereof I am accused and condemned to die, but I pray God save the king and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never: and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord. And if any person will meddle of my cause, I require them to judge the best. And thus I take my leave of the world and of you all, and I heartily desire you all to pray for me. O Lord have mercy on me, to God I commend my soul. ‘ She was bent at the scaffold and killed by beheading . Today, this woman who lived 500 years ago is still having books, programs and movies written and made based upon her life. Also there are many websites, blogs, and forums discussing her strategic life and notoriety. Anne Boleyn did not just affect England with her wit, grace, and strong determination, she affected the entire world. How to cite Anne Boleyn, Essay examples

Anne Boleyn Free Essays

Anne Boleyn lived a strategic lifestyle in the English court of Henry VIII. As a pawn of her family, she went from a small girl in the French court to the queen. Henry had an obsession with Anne and would stop at nothing until they were together causing many long term affects on England. We will write a custom essay sample on Anne Boleyn or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people had different contrasting views of Anne Boleyn; on one hand she was viewed as a jezebel or concubine by the Catholics but at the same time she was viewed as a saintly queen by protestant writers. Both these conflicting portraits of Anne Boleyn have a degree of truth but at the same time are inaccurate. Through both of these characters Anne Boleyn’s relationship with Henry VIII caused many effects upon England during his reign such as changing how the church had been set up for thousands of years and the way women were viewed in this time. Anne spent part of her childhood in the court of the Archduchess Margaret, the daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Mary, Duchess of Burgundy. Anne was around the age of 12-13, as that was the minimum age for a ‘fille d’honneur’, also know as a bridesmaid or maid of honor . It was from there that she was transferred to the household of Mary, Henry VIII’s sister, who was married to Louis XII of France. Anne’s sister Mary was already in ‘the French Queen’s’ attendance. However, when Louis died, Mary Boleyn returned to England with Mary Tudor, while Anne remained in France to attend Claude, the new French queen. Anne remained in France for the next 6 or 7 years. During her stay in France she learned to speak French fluently and developed a taste for French clothes, poetry and music. While there in France Anne gained a very unique style and grace that made her very noticeable in the English court. Anne brought to England a new mold for a renaissance woman. She was literate and had received a formal education. Along with this Anne brought her French style that spread through the English court. In 1521 or early 1522, with war between England and France imminent, Anne returned home. When she first caught Henry VIII’s eye is unknown. He was originally attracted to her sister, Mary who came to court before Anne . She was the king’s mistress in the early 1520s and, as a mark of favor; her ather was elevated to the peerage as viscount Rochford in 1525. Mary herself would leave court with only a dull marriage, and possibly the king’s illegitimate son, as her reward. Anne learned much from her sister’s example. Anne’s first years at court were spent in service to Henry VIII’s first wife, Katharine of Aragon. She became quite popular among the younger men. She was not considered a great beauty; her sister occupied that position in the family, but even Mary was merely deemed ‘pretty’. Anne’s focuses were her style, her wit and charm; she was quick-tempered and spirited. Her most remarkable physical attributes were her large dark eyes and long black hair. It is likely that Henry sought to make Anne his mistress, as he had her sister Mary years before. Maybe drawing on the example of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen to Edward IV (and maternal grandmother to Henry VIII) who was said to have told King Edward that she would only be his wife, not his mistress, Anne denied Henry VIII sexual favors. We don’t know who first had the idea of marriage, but eventually it evolved into â€Å"Queen or nothing† for Anne. How Anne was able to capture and maintain the king’s attention for such a long while, despite great obstacles and the constant presence of malicious gossip cannot be explained. Henry was headstrong and querulous. But for several years, he remained faithful to his feelings for Anne and his desire for a legitimate male heir. He sent many love letters to Anne; his campaign to win her became a dangerous obsession lasting for seven years. My mistress and friend: I and my heart put ourselves in your hands, begging you to have them suitors for your good favor, and that your affection for them should not grow less through absence. For it would be a great pity to increase their sorrow since absence does it sufficiently, and more than ever I could have thought possible reminding us of a point in astronomy, which is, that the longer the days are the farther off is the sun, and yet the more fierce. So it is with our love, for by absence we are parted, yet nevertheless it keeps its fervour, at least on my side, and I hope on yours also: assuring you that on my side the ennui of absence is already too much for me: and when I think of the increase of what I must needs suffer it would be well nigh unbearable for me were it not for the firm hope I have nd as I cannot be with you in person, I am sending you the nearest possible thing to that, namely, my picture set in a bracelet, with the whole device which you already know. Wishing myself in their place when it shall please you. This by the hand of Your loyal servant and friend H. Rex His desire for Anne increased his efforts to secure an annulment from his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. During their eighteen-year marriage, Catherine had failed to give Henry a male heir to the throne of England, only producing a daughter, Mary. In 1527 Henry asked the Pope for an annulment of his marriage to Catherine so that he could marry Anne. Because the Pope did not grant Henry his wish, he and his Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534, which proclaimed the King as head of the Church of England. Although Henry VIII himself was a religious conservative, England slowly began to create the branch of Christianity known as Anglicanism, which often considers itself to have taken a middle road between Luther’s and Calvin’s Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. It also closely involved Parliament in the key decisions, including the Act of Succession, allowing representatives of the people a vital role in choosing the next dynastic monarch. During Anne’s marriage to Henry VIII, she had a large amount of control over the monarchy. She changed the face of politics in England. Anne Boleyn was intelligent and was not afraid of saying what she thought . It is known that she influenced Henry, and that is a reason why Thomas Cromwell, an English statesman who served as King Henry VIII’s chief minister from 1532 to 1540 , conspired to get rid of her. Her influence over the monarch led to Wolsey’s fall from grace, and Cromwell blamed her for affecting foreign policy and preventing an English-Imperial alliance. Yet Anne was a woman, and women of the time were not meant to have opinions and meddle in politics. After being married, Anne entered confinement for the birth of her first child on 26 August 1533. The child was born on 7 September 1533 and had the largest effect on England that Anne Boleyn caused. The healthy baby girl called Elizabeth was not the disappointment most assumed, nor did she immediately cause her mother’s downfall. The birth had been very easy and quick. The queen recovered quickly. Henry had every reason to believe that strong princes would follow. It was only when Anne miscarried two sons that he began to question the validity of his second marriage. It was a tedious and frightening dance for Anne. During the two and a half years after Elizabeth’s birth, she was rarely secure or certain of her position and the king’s affections. The continued lack of an heir and Anne’s miscarriages reminded him of Katharine. Like most of his contemporaries, the king blamed his wife when she did not conceive or carry to term. Anne had one last chance, and in June 1535, became pregnant again. She lost that child as well, in January 1536. She was reported to have said, â€Å"I have miscarried of my savior. † Katharine of Aragon died in January as well, just a few days before Anne’s miscarriage. These events, taken together, pushed Henry into action. While Katharine lived, most of Europe, and many Englishmen, had regarded her as his rightful wife, not Anne. Now he was rid of Katharine; if he were to rid himself of Anne, he could marry again – and this third marriage would never be tainted by the specter of bigamy. He had her arrested, charged with adultery, witchcraft, and incest; the charges were ludicrous even to her enemies. As queen of England, Anne was tried by her peers; the main charge was adultery, and this was an act of treason for a queen. No member of the nobility would help her; her craven uncle Norfolk pronounced the death sentence. A skilled swordsman was brought over from France. She was assured that there would be little pain. She replied, with typical spirit, ‘I have heard that the executioner is very good and I have a little neck. ‘ Anne had prayed for exile and to end her days in a nunnery, but now faced a more tragic fate. She met it with bravery and wit. She was brought to the scaffold at 8 o’clock in the morning on 19 May 1536. It was a spectacle that had never happened before, the first public execution of an English queen. Anne, who had defended herself so ably at her trial, chose her last words carefully: ‘Good Christian people, I am come hither to die, for according to the law, and by the law I am judged to die, and therefore I will speak nothing against it. I am come hither to accuse no man, nor to speak anything of that, whereof I am accused and condemned to die, but I pray God save the king and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never: and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord. And if any person will meddle of my cause, I require them to judge the best. And thus I take my leave of the world and of you all, and I heartily desire you all to pray for me. O Lord have mercy on me, to God I commend my soul. ‘ She was bent at the scaffold and killed by beheading . Today, this woman who lived 500 years ago is still having books, programs and movies written and made based upon her life. Also there are many websites, blogs, and forums discussing her strategic life and notoriety. Anne Boleyn did not just affect England with her wit, grace, and strong determination, she affected the entire world. How to cite Anne Boleyn, Essay examples